PHIL 201 Quiz 2

Set 1

1. A mixed hypothetical syllogism in which the premise denies the consequent is called:
2. The law of excluded middle states
3. A one-to-one comparison between two or more things is:
4. If an argument is sound, it means
5. Identify the following type of syllogism: “All philosophers are good looking individuals. All good looking individuals are intelligent. Therefore all philosophers are intelligent.
6. It is possible for an argument to be valid and all the premises to be false.
7. The Latin phrase that means ‘it does not follow’ is:
8. This fallacy is sometimes referred to as the false dilemma:
9. This fallacy occurs when an argument is distorted to an extreme and becomes a false imitation of the original argument:
10. The “fallacy of hypostatization” treats an abstract word like a concrete word.
11. This may be the most well-known fallacy of presumption:
12. Identify the fallacy: Senator Newkirk’s arguments to increase federal spending for the military should be rejected. He is only arguing because he has several military bases in his state and is beginning his re-election campaign.
13. The fallacy that applies a double standard without warrant is called:
14. Knowing the main point of the argument will help me find the conclusion.
15. Occam’s razor says:
16. Ad Hoc refers to:
17. Explanatory Scope refers to:
18. A best explanation approach is often the best way to argue because many issues in philosophy do not have perfect solutions.
19. The term for beliefs relating together in a way that is mutually supportive:
20. Invalid deductive arguments are the same as inductive arguments.
21. In a deductive syllogism, if the premises are true and the conclusion is true, then the argument is valid.
22. If you have enough evidence you can be logically certain of a conclusion arrived at inductively.
23. An argument where one gathers identical particular instances and arrives at a common conclusion:
24. Identify this kind of argument: If naturalism is true, then all things are determined and there is no free will. If there is no free will then morality makes no sense. Therefore, if naturalism is true then morality makes no sense.
25. An inductive argument is measured in degrees of probability:

Set 2

1. A one-to-one comparison between two or more things is:
2. If one agrees with the conclusion of an argument then it is a good argument.
3. Identify the following type of syllogism: “All philosophers are good looking individuals. All good looking individuals are intelligent. Therefore all philosophers are intelligent.
4. A mixed hypothetical syllogism in which the premise denies the consequent is called:
5. The most common form of inductive reasoning is:
6. In deductive reasoning, the argument is either valid or invalid.
7. The Latin phrase that means ‘it does not follow’ is:
8. The “fallacy of hypostatization” treats an abstract word like a concrete word.
9. The fallacy that applies a double standard without warrant is called:
10. One should avoid using emotional language in an argument as it usually distorts and misleads the argument.
11. This fallacy is sometimes referred to as the false dilemma:
12. A well-known fallacy that is usually the result of ambiguous grammatical construction is called:
13. This fallacy claims that if a position is popular then it must be right:
14. The explanation that can be understood with the least amount of effort, vagueness, and ambiguity has the best:
15. A best explanation approach is often the best way to argue because many issues in philosophy do not have perfect solutions.
16. The principle of simplicity says we should try to simplify complex arguments.
17. One way to resolve the problem of conflicting authorities is to:
18. Knowing the main point of the argument will help me find the conclusion.
19. One factor that strengthens a causal argument:
20. Identify this kind of argument: If naturalism is true, then all things are determined and there is no free will. If there is no free will then morality makes no sense. Therefore, if naturalism is true then morality makes no sense.
21. Type of argument that begins with a problem with an unknown explanation, forms a theory and tests the theory.
22. The formal procedure for writing out a deductive argument is called
23. An argument may be evaluated as “true” or “false.”
24. If you have enough evidence you can be logically certain of a conclusion arrived at inductively.
25. An inductive argument is measured in degrees of probability:

Set 3

1. We know that the laws of logic are self-evident and undeniable because
2. form
3. The law of excluded middle states
4. If one agrees with the conclusion of an argument then it is a good argument.
5. The first and perhaps most primary law of logic is:
6. Propositions are evaluated according to their
7. The Latin phrase that means ‘it does not follow’ is:
8. This fallacy claims that if a position is popular then it must be right:
9. A well-known fallacy that is usually the result of ambiguous grammatical construction is called:
10. The red herring fallacy:
11. If a fallacy doesn’t break a formal rule, but there is still something wrong with the reasoning, it is called:
12. Identify the fallacy: Senator Newkirk’s arguments to increase federal spending for the military should be rejected. He is only arguing because he has several military bases in his state and is beginning his re-election campaign.
13. Slippery slope and straw man are really doing the same thing, just in a different order.
14. Knowing the main point of the argument will help me find the conclusion.
15. The term that refers to a set of beliefs in which none of them contradicts the others:
16. Which of the following should we do first in our analysis of the ‘validity’ of an argument?
17. The term for beliefs relating together in a way that is mutually supportive:
18. A best explanation approach is often the best way to argue because many issues in philosophy do not have perfect solutions.
19. The explanation that can be understood with the least amount of effort, vagueness, and ambiguity has the best:
20. An argument may be evaluated as “true” or “false.”
21. The formal procedure for writing out a deductive argument is called
22. A sound deductive argument could be invalid.
23. In a deductive syllogism, if the premises are true and the conclusion is true, then the argument is valid.
24. Type of argument that begins with a problem with an unknown explanation, forms a theory and tests the theory.
25. An analogy is an inductive argument.